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Human Azurocidin
Native whole molecule
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Proteins Synonyms: CAP37, Cationic Protein 37, AZU1 , Heparin-binding protein Source: Human Neutrophils Purity: ≥ 95% by SDS-PAGE Physical State: Salt-free lyophilized solid. Manufacturer: |
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Athens Research & Technology
Produktdetails
Synonyms
CAP37, Cationic Protein 37, AZU1 , Heparin-binding protein
Description of Human Azurocidin
Human Azurocidin is a 37 kDa protein. Azurocidin (AZU1), encoded on chromosome 19p13.3 within a gene cluster alongside proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase, is a glycoprotein belonging to the serine protease family but lacking enzymatic activity due to mutations in its catalytic triad (His41Ser, Ser175Gly). This pseudoenzyme exerts multifunctional roles in innate immunity, primarily through its N-terminal hydrophobic pocket (residues 20–44), which binds Gram-negative bacterial lipid A for antimicrobial activity, and a cationic domain mediating heparin interactions. As a key inflammatory mediator, azurocidin induces endothelial permeability via paracrine signaling, facilitating leukocyte extravasation by creating intercellular gaps, while also acting as a monocyte chemoattractant via formyl-peptide receptors and β2-integrins. Clinically, azurocidin (heparin-binding protein, HBP) serves as a biomarker for sepsis severity, with plasma levels >45 ng/mL predicting septic shock and 30-day mortality. Elevated HBP correlates with COVID-19 progression, distinguishing critical cases (69 ng/mL) from moderate infections, and differentiates sepsis from autoimmune conditions like adult-onset Still’s disease. Its role in exacerbating endothelial leakage and cytokine storms positions it as a therapeutic target, with investigational approaches including monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides to inhibit HBP-mediated vascular dysfunction. Additionally, azurocidin’s endotoxin-neutralizing properties and monocyte activation capabilities underscore its dual role in host defense and pathological inflammation.
Source
Neutrophils shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests.
Storage
For long term, store Human Azurocidin at -20°C.
Applications
Antimicrobial, Inflammation, Alzheimer's, In Vitro Diagnostic.
Citations/Publications
Stapels, D. A. C., et al., (2017), 'Evidence for multiple modes of neutrophil serine protease recognition by the EAP family of Staphylococcal innate immune evasion proteins', PROTEIN SCIENCE, 27: pp 509—522. Available at: DOI: 10.1002/pro.3342
Kenne, E., et al., (2019), 'Neutrophils engage the kallikrein-kinin system to open up the endothelial barrier in acute inflammation', FASEB Journal, 33: pp 2599-2609. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201801329R
Kasus-Jacobi, A., et al., (2020), 'Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from the Immune Defense Protein CAP37 Inhibit TLR4 Activation by S100A9', Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 61(4): pp 16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.4.16
Chang, M., et al., (2018), 'HBP induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways in vascular endothelial cells', Cellular Signalling Volume 43: pp 85-94. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.008
Stock, A. J., et al., (2016), 'The Role of Neutrophil Proteins on the Amyloid Beta-RAGE Axis', PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163330. Available at: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163330.
NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/P20160/
Shipped with ice packs
Gel Scan of Human Azurocidin
| Fig. 1: SDS-PAGE Gel |
Usage: For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for human use.
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Payment Methods
Paying by bank transfer
