Human Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2

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	Proteins Synonyms: Zonulin, HPT, HP, BP, HP2ALPHA2, HPA1S Source: Human Plasma Purity: ≥ 95% by SDS-PAGE, no visible alpha-1 light chain by SDS-PAGE Physical State: Salt-free lyophilized solid. Manufacturer:  Athens Research & Technology	Article No. Size Price   16-16-080116-2/2-1MG 1 mg 250 € Please inquire for other vial sizes and custom vialing.

 

 

Produktdetails

Synonyms

Zonulin, HPT, HP, BP, HP2ALPHA2, HPA1S

 

Description of Human Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2

Human Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2 is a 400 kDa protein. Haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp2-2) is a homozygous phenotype of the haptoglobin protein, characterized by cyclic polymer structures formed by the Hp2 allele. Functionally, Hp2-2 exhibits reduced antioxidant capacity compared to Hp1-1 and Hp2-1 phenotypes due to inferior hemoglobin-binding affinity and impaired clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes via CD163 receptors. This diminished efficacy in neutralizing free hemoglobin's oxidative effects predisposes Hp2-2 carriers to multiple pathologies. Clinically, Hp2-2 is strongly associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients, evidenced by increased carotid intima-media thickness and oxidative stress markers. It also elevates risks for chronic kidney disease progression and end-stage renal disease, with a 3.84-fold increased hazard ratio for mortality in South Indian populations. Additionally, Hp2-2 correlates with familial epilepsy through hypohaptoglobinemia-mediated delayed hemoglobin clearance in neural tissues. Diagnostic applications include Hp phenotyping to stratify cardiovascular risk in diabetes, guiding targeted interventions like vitamin E supplementation. The phenotype's association with hypertension and overweight status further underscores its clinical relevance in metabolic disorders.

 

Source

Human plasma non-reactive for HBsAG, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests

 

Storage

For long term, store Human Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2 at -20°C.

 

Applications

ELISA, Protein Chemistry, Inflammation, Sickle Cell Anemia, Glycosylation, Stroke, Central Nervous System Injury, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, In Vitro Diagnostic, Iron Metabolism, Cancer.

 

Citations/Publications

Tamara, S., et al. (2020), 'A wealth of genotype-specific proteoforms fine-tunes hemoglobin scavenging by haptoglobin', PNAS, 117(27): pp. 15554-15564. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002483117
Chen-Roetling, J., et al., (2016), 'Haptoglobin increases the vulnerability of CD163-expressing neurons to hemoglobin', J. Neurochem., 139: pp. 586--595 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13720
Ascenzi, P., et al., (2018), 'The nitrite reductase activity of ferrous human hemoglobin:haptoglobin 1-1 and 2-2 complexes', Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 187: pp 116–122. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.07.005
Sarpong-Kumankomah, S., et al., (2019), 'Identification of a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex in human blood plasma', Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 201: pp 110802. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110802
Ascenzi, P., et al., (2020), 'Ligand-dependent inequivalence of the α and β subunits of ferric human hemoglobin bound to haptoglobin', Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 202: pp 110814. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110814
NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/P00738

 

Shipped with ice packs

 

Gel Scan of Human Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2

Fig. 1: SDS-PAGE Gel

 

 

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Usage: For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for human use.

 

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